CALM Redness Relief Moisturizer (Normal to Dry)

As listed: Magnesium Ascorbyl Phosphate

A potent antioxidant that neutralizes UV-generated free radicals and acts as an essential cofactor for the enzymes that synthesize and stabilize collagen; it also inhibits tyrosinase to reduce melanin. The result is brighter, firmer, more even skin.

As listed: Sodium Hyaluronate

A glycosaminoglycan humectant that binds large amounts of water; high-molecular-weight forms sit on the surface as a hydrating film, low-molecular-weight forms penetrate the stratum corneum. Because it is a humectant, in dry air it can pull water from deeper skin — so apply to damp skin and seal it.

A small humectant that attracts and holds water in the stratum corneum, delivered into the epidermis partly via aquaporin-3. It raises hydration, improves plasticity and desquamation, and supports barrier recovery — one of the best-evidenced moisturizing agents.

As listed: Ceramide NP

Sphingolipids that make up roughly 50% of stratum corneum lipids by mass (with ~25% cholesterol and ~15% free fatty acids) and organize into the lamellar bilayers that form the permeability barrier. Reinforcing them lowers water loss; deficiencies are a hallmark of atopic dermatitis.

One of the three key stratum corneum lipids (about 25% of them), required to organize the lamellar bilayers of the barrier. Applied in optimized, cholesterol-dominant ratios it accelerates barrier recovery, especially in aged skin.

A fully saturated emollient made by hydrogenating squalene (a natural sebum lipid), which makes it highly stable and non-comedogenic. It softens skin, reduces water loss, and penetrates efficiently without an oily feel.

As listed: Tocopherol

A fat-soluble antioxidant that neutralizes UV-generated free radicals and prevents lipid peroxidation and oxidative photoaging. It also moisturizes the stratum corneum and has anti-inflammatory activity — and works best alongside vitamin C.