Glow Tonic

As listed: Glycolic Acid

The smallest alpha-hydroxy acid, it weakens corneocyte cohesion to promote surface exfoliation and, with continued use, stimulates collagen and glycosaminoglycan synthesis. It improves texture, dullness, and dark spots — but increases sun sensitivity.

A small humectant that attracts and holds water in the stratum corneum, delivered into the epidermis partly via aquaporin-3. It raises hydration, improves plasticity and desquamation, and supports barrier recovery — one of the best-evidenced moisturizing agents.

As listed: Panthenol

The stable analog of vitamin B5, converted in skin to pantothenic acid. As a humectant it improves hydration and lowers water loss, while soothing irritation, reducing erythema, and supporting barrier repair and re-epithelialization.